| Abstract | U moderno vrijeme bankarski kreditni poslovi imaju ogroman značaj kako za gospodarstvo tako i za financijsko poslovanje. Bez kredita se ne bi mogla zamisliti ozbiljnija investicijska ulaganja, ali ni mnogi pothvati građana, kao što je kupovina nekretnina, automobila i ostalog što predstavlja osiguranje normalnog životnog standarda.
Davanje kredita predstavlja jednu od najstarijih i temeljnih djelatnosti banaka.
Svaki ugovor o kreditu mora biti sklopljen u pisanom obliku, a mora sadržavati iznos kredita, uvjete davanja kredita, način i rokove korištenja i vraćanja kredita.
Kod sklapanja ugovora o kreditu javljaju se dva učinka: primarni učinak – pravo korisnika i sekundarni učinak – pravo banke. Obje strane ugovora o kreditu imaju pravo na otkaz ugovora i to korisnik prije početka korištenja ili kao prijevremeno vraćanje kredita, a banka u slučaju nekorištenja kredita u ugovorene svrhe, u slučaju insolventnosti korisnika i u slučaju smrti odnosno prestanka pravne osobe korisnika.
Vrijeme i način stavljanja sredstava na raspolaganje obično su određeni u ugovoru, međutim ukoliko to nije slučaj primjenjuju se odredbe prema ugovoru o zajmu. Nakon što banka korisniku stavi sredstva na raspolaganje, a prije no što dospije vraćanje kredita, korisnik može u potpunosti vratiti kredit, banka izvanredno može otkazati odnosno raskinuti ugovor o kreditu, a za cijelo vrijeme trajanja ugovora korisnik je dužan plaćati kamate.
Porast broja različitih novih oblika i vrsta kreditiranja i promjena ponašanja potrošača koji danas žive iznad svojih mogućnosti dovela je do toga da se krediti koriste kao sredstvo održavanja određenog životnog standarda.
Pravni poslovi banke dijele se na imenovane bankarske pravne poslove i neimenovane bankarske poslove. Imenovani bankarski poslovi obuhvćaju: ugovor o novčanom pologu, ugovor o polaganju vrijednosnih papira, ugovor o bankarskom tekućem računu, ugovor o sefu, ugovor o kreditu, akreditive i bankarsko jamstvo. Neimenovani bankarski poslovi uređeni su drugim propisima a to su: ugovor o skrbništvu nad vrjednosnim papirima, ugovor o factoringu, ugovor o forfaitu, devizni ugovori, financijski leasing. Bankarski ugovori u pravilu imaju pisani oblik. Treba uočiti da bankarski ugovori mogu biti ugovori građanskog prava i ugovori trgovačkog prava. Najčešće će ugovori o tekućem računu i novčanom pologu biti građanskopravni, dok će bankarske garancije i akreditivi biti trgovačkopravni.
Odredbom Zakona o ugovorima iz bankarskog poslovanja bankarske pravne poslove treba obavljati osoba ovlaštena za obavljnje određenoga bankarskog posla. |
| Abstract (english) | In this modern time banking credit business have enormous impact for the economy and financial business as well. Without credit serious investment would not be possible as well as many civil ventures such as purchasing real estates, cars and anything else that represents insuring normal life standard.
Insuring credit represents one of the oldest and fundamental activities of the bank.
Every credit contract must be made in writing form and has to have a credit amount, credit conditions, ways and deadlines of using the credit and paying back the credit.
When making a credit contract there are two effects: primary effect – the users right and the second effect – banks right. Both sides oft he credit contract have a right of termination of the contract. User has his right of termination before he starts to use the credit and the bank has the right of termination in case when user is not using the credit in negotiated terms, in case of insolvency of the user and in case of users death.
Time and ways of making the funds available usually are defined by the contract but if that is not the case then the provisions are applied according to the loan agreement. After the bank gives fonds to the user, but before the credit repayment, user has the right to give back the credit, bank can cancel the credit agreement and for the whole time of credit user is obliged to pay interest.
Increase in number of new forms and types of credit business and change of customers behavior that live today above their standards led to the situation where credits are used as a way of keeping peoples life standard.
Bank's legal transactions are divided into nominated banking business and unidentified banking affairs. Named banking transactions include: cash deposit agreement, securities deposit agreement, bank account current account, sealing contract, credit agreement, letter of credit and bank guarantee. Unspecified banking transactions are regulated by other regulations, such as: custody custody contract, factoring contract, fake contract, foreign exchange contracts, financial leasing.
Banking contracts generally have a written form. It should be noted that banking contracts can be contracts of civil law and contract law. Most often, the current account and cash deposit contracts will be civil law, while bank guarantees and letters of credit will be commercially-owned.
The provisions of the Law on Banking Transactions Agreements on Banking Legal Affairs should be performed by a person authorized to perform a particular banking transaction. |
