| Abstract | Svrha istraživanja ovog rada je fiskalna politika koja je jedna od najvažnijih dijelova ekonomske politike, koji za ostvarivanje ciljeva kao instrumente upotrebljava različite oblike javnih prihoda i javnih rashoda. Njezina je zadaća primjenom prava na prikupljanje poreza i izvršavanje rashoda ublažiti oscilacije gospodarske aktivnosti, što se posebno vidjelo u doba krize uzrokovane COVID-19 pandemijom. U ovom radu problematiziraju se politike javnih prihoda i rashoda u kontekstu stabiliziranja gospodarstva.
Cilj rada je utvrditi kako je država politikom javnih prihoda, javnih rashoda i javnoga duga djelovala na stabiliziranje gospodarske aktivnosti u Hrvatskoj te donijeti zaključak o utjecaju tih mjera na gospodarstvo. Također, cilj je i prikazati utjecaj pandemije na ekonomske indikatore poput BDP-a, tržišta rada, turizma i vanjskotrgovinske razmjene u Republici Hrvatskoj. Nadalje, opisat će se fiskalne mjere u svijetu, Republici Hrvatskoj kao i u Belgiji, Irskoj i Nizozemskoj.
Kao rezultat istraživanja utvrđeno je da su javni prihodi značajno smanjeni zbog pandemije Covid-19, a javni rashodi su doživjeli značajan porast. Javni dug je također bio najveći do sada zbog velikog zaduživanja države. Pandemija Covid-19 je imala veliki utjecaj na smanjenje ukupne potražnje, smanjenje protoka ljudi, roba i usluga, prekid opskrbnih lanaca i smanjenje sklonosti potrošnji, što je rezultiralo manjom proizvodnjom i manjom globalnom razmjenom dobara, te je to dovelo do značajnog pada ekonomskih indikatora (BDP, tržište rada, turizam, vanjskotrgovinska razmjena). Također, utvrđeno je da su fiskalne mjere u odabranim zemljama (Republika Hrvatska, Belgija, Nizozemska i Irska) slične, pa čak i iste i njihovim provođenjem Vlada je značajno pomogla stabilizaciji gospodarstva. |
| Abstract (english) | The purpose of this paper's research is fiscal policy, which is one of the most important parts of economic policy, which uses different forms of public revenues and public expenditures as instruments to achieve goals. Its task is to mitigate the oscillations of economic activity by applying the right to collect taxes and execute expenditures, which was especially evident during the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, public revenue and expenditure policies are problematized in the context of stabilizing the economy.
The aim of the paper is to determine how the state acted to stabilize economic activity in Croatia through the policy of public revenues, public expenditures and public debt, and to draw a conclusion about the impact of these measures on the economy. Also, the goal is to show the impact of the pandemic on economic indicators such as GDP, the labor market, tourism and foreign trade in the Republic of Croatia. Furthermore, fiscal measures in the world, in the Republic of Croatia as well as in Belgium, Ireland and the Netherlands will be described.
As a result of the research, it was determined that public revenues were significantly reduced due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and public expenditures experienced a significant increase. The public debt was also the highest ever due to the large borrowing of the state. The Covid-19 pandemic had a major impact on reducing overall demand, reducing the flow of people, goods and services, disrupting supply chains and reducing the propensity to consume, resulting in less production and less global exchange of goods, and this led to a significant drop in economic indicators (GDP, labor market, tourism, foreign trade). Also, it was determined that the fiscal measures in the selected countries (Republic of Croatia, Belgium, the Netherlands and Ireland) are similar, or even the same, and by implementing them the Government significantly helped stabilize the economy. |
