The Republic of Croatia has been facing numerous challenges affecting its healthcare system for many years, starting with the decreasing contributions from the working population, which form the foundation of the Croatian healthcare system. Due to the demographic aging of the population and the low fertility rate, Croatian healthcare finds itself in a vicious cycle where the low fertility rate leads to a smaller influx of people into working and reproductive age, which consequently results in an even lower number of births and further aging of the population. The situation is further exacerbated by the frequent emigration of young and skilled workers to more developed countries of the European Union. Furthermore, when observing Croatia in the context of other EU member states, it is evident that Croatia spends less than half per capita on healthcare compared to most other EU member states. On the other hand, OECD data from 2023 shows that public healthcare expenditures in the Republic of Croatia are higher than the average of many EU member states, all aimed at reducing out-of-pocket payments by households to preserve their standard of living. The current state of Croatia's healthcare system is unsustainable, and in 2022, the Ministry of Health implemented comprehensive and structural reform measures focusing on financial sustainability, recovery of the system after the pandemic, and creating an efficient and effective healthcare system with the patient at its center.