State aids are real and potential expenditures or in other words the decreased state income which is allocated by the state aid givers. As such, they represent the main component of government policies whose purpose is to influence the market placement of a certain economic subject or an enterprise. As a basic instrument of state aid mechanism, this paper represents the policy system of state aids, so we analyzed the structure of state aids and their influence on an economy, which was the main purpose of this paper. The intent was by testing the working hypothesis to answer the question how the allocated state aids influence the economy in a whole. Produced results, despite the proven positive correlation in five models out of forty-two, they were not enough to accept the stated hypothesis that state aids have a positive effect on the economy. Meaningful statistical impact of state aids on economy, even if it is positive, it is almost always smaller than the influence of openness, investments and government debt. If the methodological shortcomings are taken into account it can be said, considering the results, these is an unquestionable urgency for efficiency evaluation of the state aid system. One of the possible steps that could accomplish that is forming of the aid registry, through which the effect of given state aids could be tracked.