The origins of the gender division of labor are considered to be related to the different reproductive capacities of men and women, as well as to the fact that historically women were primarily responsible for caring for children, who were biologically more closely related to them. The more one dives into the past of the human species, the more clearly this (biological) existential connection is observed. The dependence of children on their mothers shaped the types of jobs that women could do in ancient times. On the other hand, men, due to their freedom from the birth process and their greater physical strength, were more suitable for other activities that require physical endurance, also in the distant past. Even today, despite the significant social changes that have occurred throughout the history of gender relations, at the beginning of the second millennium, women and men still perform different types of work, and their work evaluation varies. Differences in wages are present almost everywhere. Employment methods also differ, which often leads to gender discrimination in employment. Discrimination refers to unequal treatment of people in similar or comparable circumstances. This unequal treatment is based on prohibited grounds of distinction, and cannot be justified on the basis of legal or legitimate reasons. In practice, the most common form of labor law discrimination is discrimination on the basis of gender, which manifests itself through the violation of gender equality during employment and within working relationships. The fight against gender discrimination represents the most advanced segment of social policy in the European Union. These efforts have resulted in progress in removing barriers that impede the development of market competition, while the market is increasingly integrated. Also, at the political level, these efforts contribute to the overall social development and improvement of living and working conditions.